《托福阅读1000词》

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托福阅读1000词- 第15部分


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例句 1。 Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research; as it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter。 水培法的应用不仅限于基础研究,因为它对冬季大棚蔬菜的生长有帮助。
2。 Development in banking and financial services facilitated the expansion of trade and was benefited from the huge influx of capital in the form of gold and silver from the Americas。 银行和财政服务的发展推动了贸易的拓展,也受益于美国以金银形式注入的巨大资本。
3。 Government's policies on trade facilitated the exporting of agricultural products。 政府的贸易政策促进了农产品的出口。
同义 impulse(v。 推动)
fertile['f?:rtl]a。 肥沃的,富饶的;能繁殖的
例句 In all probability; it was the fertile plain of Latium; where the Latins who founded Rome originated。 很有可能,建立罗马的拉丁人最初就是起源于富饶的拉丁姆平原。
同义 productive(a。 能繁殖的)
format['f?:rm?t]v。 使格式化 n。 设计;安排;格式,样式
搭配 the format of a program 节目的编排;file format 文件格式
例句 1。 Advertisements might be misleading to children when they use audio and visual formats which are especially appealing to children。 当广告使用了特别能吸引孩子的声音和视觉形式的时候,广告也许会误导孩子。
2。 The new candid photography unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken confirmed these scientific results; and at the meantime suggested new compositional formats。 新抢拍的照片很自然,这是在拍摄目标没有意识到的情况下拍摄的,这在证实了这些科学结果的同时也暗示了一种新的创作形式。
friction['frik?n]n。 摩擦;摩擦力;矛盾,冲突
例句 1。 This friction tends to slow the speed of winds; making them far less efficient at dispersing on airflow; and rainfall is also increased in cities。 这种摩擦力易于减缓风速,使它们无法有效地分散气流,城市的降水量也提高了。
2。 The forward movement of a small animal is severely reduced by the air friction。 小动物向前的运动因受到空气摩擦而被减缓。
同义 clash; conflict(n。 矛盾,冲突)
要点 friction不仅表达具体的“摩擦、摩擦力”,还可以表示“矛盾、冲突”,例如:Soldiers needed to be occupied when there was no campaign; otherwise they represented a potentially dangerous source of friction。 在没有战役的时候士兵们也得忙起来,否则就代表一种潜在的冲突危险。
gaseous['g?si?s]a。(含)气体的;气态的
搭配 gaseous diffusion 气体扩散
例句 1。 It was consequently quite surprising when John and Rayleigh discovered a gaseous element in 1894 that did not fit into the previous classification scheme。 当约翰和瑞利于1894年发现一种不适用于之前的分类方案的气态元素时,引起了巨大的震惊。
2。 As Jupiter; Saturn is a large and gaseous planet。 土星与木星一样,是个巨大的气态行星。
impetus['impit?s]n。 促进;刺激;推动力
例句 1。 This development provided an impetus to a long…held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade。 这一发展给希望通过海上贸易与东方建立直接联系的长期愿望提供了动力。
2。 For the barrier of ice to the east; the Pacific Ocean to the west; and populated areas to the north; there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction。 由于东部的冰形成的障碍,西部太平洋的阻挡,以及北部地区的众多人口,可能有更强大的动力促使人们南迁。
3。 The danger of the fire provides an impetus to the use of more durable material。 火灾的危险性推进了更加耐火的材料的使用。
同义 impulse(n。 促进;推动)
要点 在阅读中,作者有可能会用motive power代替impetus表示“动力”。
implement['impliment]v。 实施,执行['implim?nt]n。 工具
例句 1。 The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques。 成功殖民太平洋岛的基础文化需求包括多种捕鱼的工具和技术。
2。 Why and how these people spread out into central and southern Africa keeps up a mystery; but archaeologists firmly believe that their iron weapons allowed them to conquer their hunting…gathering opponents; who still used stone implements。 这些人为什么以及如何到达非洲中部和南部一直是个谜,但是考古学家们坚信是他们的铁制武器使他们征服了那些依旧使用石器狩猎的对手。
同义 instrument(n。 工具)
influence['influ?ns]n。 影响 v。 影响;感化
例句 1。 Animals have internal clocks which influence their activities even when environmental cues are absent。 动物都有生物钟,即便是当环境线索缺失时也可以影响它们的活动。
2。 Pastoralists are highly mobile and tend to have tiny material possessions; but they can influence the culture; ecology; and language。 牧民迁移频繁,而且仅有少量的物质财产,但他们能影响文化、生态以及语言。
要点 influence常用于描述新技术或新事物对传统生活的影响。如:There were two widely divergent influences on the development of statistical methods。
同义 effect(n。 影响);affect(v。 影响)
innovation[?in?'vei?n]n。 新方法;新事物;革新
例句 1。 Because the interest in developing and introducing sound in film is intense; the general use of other technological innovations was delayed。 由于人们对为影片加入声音有着强烈的兴趣,所以其他的技术创新没有及时被普遍使用。
2。 The extensive development of agriculture was often accompanied by a great movement of people who had carried the innovations。 农业的广泛发展通常伴随着一次伟大的运动,而这样的运动是由掌握革新技术的人们发起的。
同义 reformation(n。 改革)
input['input]n。(电路、电压或功率)输入;投入;输入物
搭配 input power 输入功率
例句 1。 Through measuring the water quantities at each of a lake's inputs and outputs; it could be determined whether water enters the lake mainly from surface or groundwater sources。 通过测量流入和流出每个湖的水量,可以判定流入湖里的水源主要来自地表还是地下。
2。 Glaciers are an open system; with snow as the system's input and meltwater as its output。 冰川是开放的体系,降雪是该体系的输入来源,而融水则是输出的水源。
insert[in's?:rt]v。 插入
搭配 insert into 写入
例句 Please use your hands to insert the keys in the locks。 请用手把钥匙插到锁里。
insulate['ins?leit]v。 使隔离,使隔绝
例句 1。 All the heat which warms a building finally transfers to the surrounding air; a process that is quickest where houses are poorly insulated。 提供给一座建筑的所有热量最后都会转移到周围的空气里,这个过程在隔热差的房子中能得到最快的体现。
2。 Now; the ice shelves insulate the Antarctic continent from wind。 目前,冰架阻挡着风吹进南极洲。
同义 isolate(v。 使隔离,使隔绝)
insulation[?ins?'lei?n]n。 绝缘;隔离,隔绝
例句 1。 Even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems; hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat。 即便是在完全封闭或是逆流交换系统中,这些初生的个体也很难保持身体的热度,因为它们还都太小。
2。 The low growth form can also allow the plants to make good use of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover。 在冬天,这些植物的低矮形态可以使其充分利用由积雪覆盖形成的保温层。
同义 isolation(n。 绝缘)
intermediate[?int?r'mi:di?t]a。 中间的;中级的 n。 中间体;媒介物
搭配 intermediate language 中间语言
例句 1。 In most areas of Africa; there is a curious case in which societies moved from a technology of stone to iron directly without passing through the intermediate stage of copper or bronze metallurgy; even though some early copper…working sites have been found in West Africa。 在非洲的大部分地区都有一个古怪的现象,虽然在西非发现了一些青铜器制造遗址,但是这些地区没有经历青铜器时代这一中间阶段,而是从石器时代直接过渡到了铁器时代。
2。 The country is still at an intermediate stage of economic development。 这个国家仍然处于经济发展的中级阶段。
interplay['int?rplei]n。/v。 相互作用,相互影响
例句 1。 It is a monumental scientific achievement and its development illustrates the importance of interplay。 这是一个不朽的科学成就,它的发展诠释了相互作用的重要性。
2。 Parasitic relationships contain the interplay of aggression by the parasite and resistance and adaptation by the host。 寄生关系包括寄生虫的攻击与寄主的排斥和适应之间的相互作用。
3。 She combines cultural documentation with invention in an interplay of fact and fiction。 她通过事实和虚构的相互影响,把文化文献与发明结合了起来。
isotope['ais?toup]n。 同位素
搭配 isotope effect 同位素效应
例句 The oxygen isotope ratio of the ocean changes when a great deal of water is withdrawn from it by evaporation。 当海洋中大量的水因为蒸发而减少之后,海洋中氧同位素的比率会随之改变。
liquid['likwid]n。 液体;液态 a。 液体的,流体的;清澈的
搭配 liquid crystal 液晶
例句 1。 Different from gas; liquid does not disperse in a container; and conversely maintains a fairly constant density。 与气体不同,液体不会在容器中扩散,相反还会维持一个相当稳定的浓度。
2。 This kind of energy is used to convert liquid water to water vapor。 这种能量被用来将液体水转化为水蒸气。
locomotive[?louk?'moutiv]n。 机车;火车头 a。 运动的;活动的
例句 1。 The number of canals fell off after the steam locomotive was invented。 蒸汽机车发明以后,运河的数量减少了。
2。 In the nineteenth century; locomotives in north American ran on hardwood fuel。 在19世纪,北美的机车依靠硬木燃料运行。
同义 engine(n。 机车);kinetic(a。 运动的)
machinery[m?'?i:n?ri]n。(总称)机器,机械;机构
例句 1。 The new age of machinery; in brief; without a new source of both movable and constant power; could not have been born。 简言之,如果没有新的可移动并且持续的能源供应,新的机械时代是不可能诞生的。
2。 The use of farm machinery went on to increase。 农机工具的使用在持续增加。
同义 organization(n。
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